found that Grameen Bank doesn't always create the self-employment opportunity as per the original policy purpose, but also found at the same time that access to low-interest credit produces benefit in other forms. Many poor loanees spend the borrowed money from Grameen Bank on land pawning and become 'owner farmers'. This is the strategy for securing rice for consumption for them. In this case Grameen Bank plays a role to promote land reforms (11). M. Hossain clarified in his research that the income of the loanees increased on an average 30% after three to four years of joining Grameen Bank (12)
If income of the landless poor is increased by some policy measures as noted above, it could be a chance to break the vicious circle of environmental deterioration and population growth as P. Dasgupta claimed (13). Typical example is fuel. People relied on bio-mass resources as fuels in rural South Asia, but these resources are diminishing year by year very rapidly. Therefore, children will be expected to be a cheap labor force to collect fuel. Securing the fuel supply causes higher fertility and causes a population increase and environmental damage as a result. They cannot afford to educate their children in this situation. Dasgupta expects to break this vicious circle with such policy measures as the Grameen Bank.
4) Conclusions
Some important issues which can't be easily understood simply by the calculation between two variables, namely food and population, have been discussed in this paper. First of all, the opinion of emphasizing redistribution of food should be denied. The problem is difficult to be solved without an increase in food production in the very areas which suffer from hunger. We emphasize the importance to promote agricultural and rural development in the region which was bypassed by the 'green revolution', not to leave it to chance with assuming a predetermined harmonious adjustment mechanism, in which laborers can move to advanced villages (of course we cannot deny that such mechanism is actually working to some extent). The most effective means for that purpose is improving infrastructure such as irrigation, roads, markets,
